REWARDS AND BENEFITS IN VOLVO CAR COMPANY - HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Essay

REWARDS AND BENEFITS IN VOLVO CAR COMPANY - HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example In such manner, specialists (Arnold and Silvester, pp. 12-19, 2005) have recognized significant change in the viewpoint and disposition of bosses towards their representatives, and this demonstrates making of various creative arrangements and systems to guarantee persuasive working environment condition for the laborers. In particular, execution and prize administration is one critical segment of HRM that assumes a pivotal job in each association, and examination has shown that associations are these days depending vigorously on the components of advantages and awards as modes and apparatuses of guaranteeing authoritative accomplishment by ensuring proficient and profitable execution of the workers. Especially, this paper is an endeavor in a similar arrangement of endeavors that will concentrate on distinguishing proof of different sorts of advantages and pay frameworks existing comprehensively, just as, reward systems of Volvo Car Corporation that will permit comprehension of the su bject in sensible way. Various Forms of Rewards assume a significant job in each human life, and especially, it is an understanding that prize is one of the parts that drive the general public to create and develop in various angles. This works in the hierarchical setting also; be that as it may, before recognizing various types of remunerations and pay, specialists (Robbins et al., pp. 39-47, 2009) have proposed that it is significant that businesses should invest amounts of energy to guarantee coordination of rewards’ system with hierarchical goals and mission, as non-mix frequently have brought about disappointment of the methodologies. For example, if hierarchical crucial to turn into a market chief, Corporation should keep a more lucrative prize framework to hold best ability from the market, and if mission is to endure and go with stream of the market, and afterward a lower-reward framework will fill in too. Following are a portion of the basic types of pay and rewards: Fixed Pay This is the most well-known and traditional type of remuneration that remembers installment to workers for a fix-pay system, normally on month to month premise (Rothwell et al., pp. 23-25, 2009). In this sort of technique, workers get fix regularly scheduled installment regardless of any adjustment in execution or profitability. It is a perception that associations are presently moving endlessly from the fixed compensation technique because of predominance of other current prize and execution the board frameworks. Variable Pay Method â€Å"Why would it be a good idea for me to put forth an additional attempt for this activity? For what reason should I attempt to contribute and think increasingly about the authoritative objectives and success† (Langton, pp. 46-76, 2000)? Previously mentioned is one of the normal articulations that one can get notification from workers in a fix-pay framework that brought about the formation of variable compensation technique framewor k that â€Å"bases a part or the entirety of the employees’ income on some individual or hierarchical recipe or proportion of productivity† (Torrington, Hall, and Taylor, pp. 365-348, 2005). Examination has demonstrated that 60% of the associations in the United Kingdom are relying upon the variable compensation framework to redress and propel their laborers. One of the significant advantages of utilizing this framework is decrease of fixed work expenses, and this framework empowers the associations to concentrate more fair and square of efficiency and execution that is regularly impractical or not useful in fixed compensation technique. Other than these compensation frameworks,

Causes and Effects of Government Shutdowns

Circumstances and end results of Government Shutdowns For what reason would a significant part of the U.S. central government shut down and what happens when it does?â The Cause of Government Shutdowns The U.S. Constitution necessitates that all uses of government reserves be approved by Congress with the endorsement of the President of the United States. The U.S. government and the bureaucratic spending process work on a financial year cycle running from October 1 to 12 PM September 30. On the off chance that Congress neglects to pass the entirety of the spending bills involving the yearly administrative financial plan or proceeding with goals broadening spending past the finish of the monetary year; or if the president neglects to sign or vetoes any of the individual spending charges, certain insignificant elements of the legislature might be compelled to stop because of an absence of congressionally-approved subsidizing. The outcome is an administration shutdown. The Current Border Wall Shutdown of 2019 The latest government shutdown, and the third of the Donald Trump administration started on December 22, 2018, when Congress and the White House neglected to concur on the consideration in a yearly spending bill of $5.7 billion mentioned by President Trump for the development of an extra 234 miles of fencing to be added to the current security boundary along the U.S. outskirt with Mexico. On January 8, with no limit to the stalemate in sight, President Trump took steps to proclaim a national crisis engaging him to sidestep to subsidize the fringe fencing. In any case, by January 12, what had become the longest enduring government shutdown in U.S. history had covered nine of the 15 government official branch offices, and left more than 800,000 bureaucratic laborers including Border Patrol officials, TSA operators, and air traffic controllers-either working without pay or sitting at home on leave of absence. Rubbish started accumulating and guest security turned into an issue at national stops as park officers had been sent home. In spite of the fact that Congress had passed a bill on January 11 giving possible full back compensation to the representatives, the strain of missed checks became obvious.â In a broadcast address on January 19, President Trump offered a proposition he trusted would take Democrats back to the bartering table to haggle on a migration change for outskirt security bargain that would end the then 29-day-long government shutdown. The president offered to back movement approaches Democrats and had since quite a while ago mentioned, including a three-year restoration of the DACA-Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals-program as a byproduct of endorsement of a perpetual $7 billion outskirt security bundle, including $5.7 billion for the fringe divider. DACA is a right now lapsed movement approach authorized by President Obama permitting qualified people who were brought to the United States unlawfully as youngsters to get an inexhaustible two-year time of conceded activity from expulsion and become qualified for a work grant in the U.S. Not exactly an hour after the president’s address, Democrats dismissed the deal since it neglected to offer lasting security for the DACA settlers and in light of the fact that it despite everything included cash for the fringe divider. Democrats again requested that President Trump end the shutdown before arrangements proceeded. On January 24, Government Executive magazine detailed that dependent on pay information from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the then 34-day-long halfway government was costing U.S. citizens more than $86 million per day in back compensation vowed to more than 800,000 furloughed laborers. A Temporary Agreement Reached On January 25, President Trump declared that an understanding had been reached between his office and Democratic pioneers in Congress that would briefly revive the administration until February 15 without the incorporation of any subsidizing for development of extra outskirt fencing. The understanding likewise given that every single government worker influenced by the shutdown would get full back compensation. As indicated by the President, the deferral would take into consideration further dealings on subsidizing of the fringe divider, which he said stayed a need to national security. At long last, the President expressed that if subsidizing for the fringe divider was not consented to by February 15, he would either reestablish the administration shutdown or proclaim a national crisis permitting him to reallocate existing asset for the reason. Nonetheless, on February 15, the president marked a trade off spending charge turning away another shutdown. That day, he gave a National Emergency Proclamation diverting $3.5 billion from the Defense Department’s military development spending plan to the development of new fringe divider. Under the details of the Antideficiency Act, the shutdown might not have been legitimate in any case. Since the administration had the $5.7 billion expected to fabricate the fringe divider, the shutdown had been founded on an issue of political philosophy as opposed to an issue of financial need, as required by the law. The Ghosts of Shutdowns Past Somewhere in the range of 1981 and 2019, there were five government shutdowns. While the initial four went to a great extent unnoticed by anyone yet the government workers influenced, the American individuals shared the torment during the last one.â 1981: President Reagan vetoed a proceeding with goals, and 400,000 government workers were sent home at lunch and advised not to return. A couple of hours after the fact, President Reagan marked another adaptation of the proceeding with goals and the laborers were back busy working the following morning. 1984: With no endorsed spending plan, 500,000 government laborers were sent home. A crisis spending bill had them all back busy working the following day. 1990: With no spending plan or proceeding with goals, the legislature closes down during the whole three-day Columbus Day weekend. Most specialists were off at any rate and a crisis spending bill marked by President Bush throughout the end of the week had them back grinding away Tuesday morning. 1995-1996: Two government shutdowns starting on November 14, 1995, sat various elements of the government for different periods of time until April of 1996. The most genuine government shutdowns in the countries history came about because of a spending stalemate between Democratic President Clinton and the Republican-controlled Congress over financing for Medicare, instruction, the earth, and general wellbeing. 2013: For 17 repetitive days, from October 1 through October 16, the enduring contradiction among Republicans and Democrats in Congress over spending constrained a halfway shutdown that saw in excess of 800,000 government workers furloughed, U.S veterans bolted out of their own war commemorations, and a great many guests drove away from national parks. Unfit to pass an ordinary yearly financial plan, Congress thought about a proceeding with goals (CR) that would have kept up subsidizing at current levels for a half year. In the House, Tea Party Republicans joined corrections to the CR that would have postponed usage of President Obama’s human services change lawâ€Obamacareâ€for one year. This altered CR got no opportunity of going in the Democrat-controlled Senate. The Senate sent the House a â€Å"clean† CR without any revisions, however Speaker of the House John Boehner would not permit the spotless CR to go to a vote of the House. Because of the stalemate over Obamacare, no financing CR was passed by October 1-the finish of the government’s 2013 monetary year-and the shutdown started. As the shutdown medicate on, general assessment of Republicans, Democrats and President Obama started to plunge and, to exacerbate the situation, the U.S. was set to arrive at its obligation limit on October 17. Neglecting to pass enactment raising as far as possible by the cutoff time could have constrained the administration to default on its obligation without precedent for history, setting the installment of government benefits at risk for being postponed. On October 16, confronted with as far as possible emergency and expanding open appall with Congress, Republicans and Democrats at long last conceded to and passed a bill incidentally reviving the administration and expanding as far as possible. Unexpectedly, the bill-driven by the government’s need to lessen spending-likewise burned through billions of dollars, including a tax-exempt endowment of $174,000 to the widow of an expired representative. The Costs of Government Shutdowns The first of the two government shutdowns in 1995-1996 endured just six days, from November 14 to November 20. Following the six-day shutdown, the Clinton organization discharged a gauge of what the six days of a lingered national government had cost. Lost Dollars: The six-day shutdown cost citizens about $800 million, including $400 million to furloughed government representatives who were paid, yet didn't answer to work and another $400 million in lost income in the four days that the IRS authorization divisions were closed.Medicare: Some 400,000 recently qualified Medicare beneficiaries were postponed in applying for the program.Social Security: Claims from 112,000 new Social Security candidates were not handled. 212,000 new or substitution Social Security cards were not given. 360,000 office visits were denied. 800,000 cost free calls for data were not answered.Healthcare: New patients were not acknowledged into clinical research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) clinical focus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stopped infection observation and hotline calls to NIH concerning sicknesses were not answered.Environment: Toxic waste tidy up work at 609 destinations halted as 2,400 Superfund laborers were sen t home.Law Enforcement and Public Safety: Delays happened in the preparing of liquor, tobacco, guns, and explosives applications by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms; chip away at in excess of 3,500 insolvency cases purportedly was suspended; retraction of the enrollment and testing of government law authorization authorities reporte

The Impact of the First World War Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

The Impact of the First World War - Assignment Example  The dread of a German uprising was no longer in the brains of the French as all the land that Germany was required to hand over was restored; the most significant areas being Alsace and Lorraine. Germany's military was scaled back to a limit of 100,000 men; they were prevented the utilization from claiming tanks. The flying corps was disbanded and the naval force was just permitted to staff and work six boats; be that as it may, no submarines were permitted to stay operational. The land fifty kilometers east of the Rhine was articulated a neutral territory, where no warrior with a weapon could enter. Abroad land recently claimed by Germany was given to various European nations. The Saar, Danzig, and Memel were put heavily influenced by the League of Nations. One of the more significant results was the War Guilt Clause that necessary Germany to assume on full liability for beginning the war. This was significant as it would show the world France's explanation behind support in the war was distinctly to protect against the German assaults. This additionally implied Germany would need to pay reparations to France for the physical harm caused during the war. Clemenceau was the most fulfilled out of the three heads with the mortification of Germany, and France presently discovered new force on the planet. Wilson was satisfied in light of the fact that because of the Paris Peace Conference his vision of the League of Nations had become a reality. The League would make it conceivable to comprehend clashes everywhere throughout the world in a serene way, showing Wilson's longing for overall harmony. He said so a lot: To advance universal co-activity and to accomplish worldwide harmony and security. (Wilson) The expense of making the League was losing his other 13 unique philosophy focuses to pick up the worldwide help that was important to begin the League and make it a triumph. As the post-war world was in the battle of discovering harmony, there were a ton of nations captivated by the universal association that vowed to bring world harmony. Wilson was of a harmony adoring nature and was unmistakably maddened by the incredible number of limitations that Germany needed to consent to in the Treaty just as all the reparations they needed to make. The unforgiving conditions that were forced on Germany humiliated and disgraced Wilson. By and by, he was happy with the beginning of the League of Nations. One certainty to be noted is that reparations to the United States were not commanded in the Treaty. The facts demonstrate that the misfortunes of the United States were not on a similar scale as Britain and France in view of their late passageway into the war. Lloyd-George was maybe the least happy with the last terms of the arrangement as a result of Clemenceau's tirelessness to bankrupt the German economy.â â

How the design, function and content of web pages influence the meaning and value of information free essay sample

Sites are quickly turning out to be, and now and again are as of now, the favored media decision for data search, organization introduction, shopping, training, gaming, mingling, and considerably more. These days, where visual images assume an inexorably significant job in our everyday lives, the structure, substance, and capacity of website pages, have a critical impact in affecting the importance and estimation of data. The importance and estimation of data can be turned out by a couple of straightforward inquiries; who is the creator of this data? Who is the provider? For what reason is it given/what is its motivation? Who are the target group? What is the source? Lastly, how present and precise right? The last two inquiries are presumably the most important with regards to the worth, as though it were an auxiliary, out-dated, and off base source, it would not be entirely significant. The terms configuration, capacity, and substance must be taken a gander at and characterized to address this inquiry. We will compose a custom paper test on How the plan, capacity and substance of site pages impact the importance and estimation of data or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Plan of a website page principally alludes to how the page looks to the client and its format also. While work is about how the site functions, regardless of whether it is simple or not for the client to explore around the site or whether connections and pictures take a shot at the site. At last, content is the content, pictures and different components that make up the center of the page. In this article we will be seeing issues extending from the open doors the web furnishes us with to introduce data, to the difficulties that are made when data is shown on the web. What's more, we will likewise be taking a gander at issues, for example, how we can set up the nature of our data just as how the introduction and plan of site pages impact the estimation of our data specifically. The web gives us numerous chances to introduce our data on our site pages. It empowers us to draw in key crowds using styling our site pages. This is evident in sites focused on kids, which will have uproarious/splendid hues, fascinating textual styles, and simple to utilize highlights. A prime case of this would be the cbeebies BBC site, here the site is; anything but difficult to explore, splendid and vivid, and even has some animation style textual styles being used to pull in their principle crowd of youngsters. The web likewise permits us to introduce data in a manner that empowers us to convey our objectives and thoughts with the overall population. For instance, you can utilize connections to sites you need your clients to visit. I utilized this in my own page, where I welcomed clients to check my dashing team’s page, to make open mindfulness. This, yet the web permits us to introduce our data such that lets clients disperse between what they need to know and what they don’t. Fundamental hunt bars are an ideal case of this yet in addition route instruments, for example, placing in a class capacity to a site. On the off chance that I had more data to introduce a route device would have unquestionably been a need for my site pages, in any case, with there being a modest quantity of data, I felt this would not be of extraordinary use. At long last, the web gives us the chance to introduce data around the world. The web is turning out to be increasingly worldwide as time advances and with this, comes the chance to contact crowds far and wide. With the presentation of programs that can decipher an entire page, language is certainly not a huge issue any longer. Notwithstanding the web furnishing us with chances to introduce our data, the way that it is on the web impacts the manner by which it is imparted to other people. An organization who utilizes the web, for instance, as opposed to papers or neighborhood adverts to build open attention to themselves, will no doubt seem to be present day, current, creative and so forth. Marc Benioff featured this moment that he clarified, â€Å"The organizations that will be fruitful later on perceive the requirement for in a general sense changing the manner in which they draw in with their clients, and are changing themselves into social endeavors and fundamentally modifying the manner in which they deal with their organizations. † This features the requirement for organizations to grasp the web, and that the web nearness of data can for sure impact the manner by which it is partaken in a positive manner. It helps answer one of the inquiries presented before about how current the data is. There are a few difficulties that get from having data online on website pages. One of which being the test of availability. This is a key test in having data in site pages being on the web. A site should be as available as could reasonably be expected, which means making your site open for individuals of different foundations, capacities and incapacities. To do this, one must structure and build up the site page with the goal that all clients have a similar access to the data, just as the usefulness and highlights of the site. One such way I found that I had the option to do this was using ‘ALT’ labels. A model would be ‘alt=An picture of the three OSW hustling vehicles. ’ ‘ALT’ labels are a manner by which individuals who may have a visual debilitation can comprehend what is on the site page using a screen peruser. Getting a site to work, and do so well, can likewise be a huge test. Drawing in clients to your site is just a large portion of the fight. On the off chance that a client shows up at your site and they are uncertain of how to explore their way through, for instance, at that point they will presumably leave as fast as they came. One such manner by which I attempted to address this was by making it understood to clients how to get between my pages. I put my connections at the highest point of the page in a reasonable and brief manner so clients will have the option to explore effectively with no pressure. These difficulties reflect how the plan, substance and capacity impact the importance and estimation of data. On the off chance that a site isn't open for everybody, at that point a few people will clearly be not able to evaluate the importance of your data. Similarly as though clients can't really utilize the site they won't esteem the data. This statement from ‘usability first’ features this consummately, â€Å"When clients feel dumb, their circulatory strain goes up, their pulse increments, and they get a little angry as a mad bull. This instinctive negative response starts to hurt trust and brand discernment very quickly. † Establishing nature of data on site pages is fundamental to getting clients to esteem your data. Configuration, capacity and substance of site pages would all be able to assist with building up the nature of data. Data that is introduced to you in a disrupted manner that is even difficult to comprehend will be of less use to you. This is the reason configuration is so significant in affecting the nature of data. Getting the structure of your page right can make data such a great amount of more obvious and thusly, saw as better quality by clients. One such way I attempted to make my data more obvious was through division of my subjects into clear and compact passages. Capacity is similarly as significant with regards to nature of data. As we have seen already, in the event that the website page is difficult to utilize and usefulness is poor, at that point they won't esteem that data. At long last, content likewise has a key influence in making sure about the nature of data. So as to make sure about this quality, the substance must be exact, significant, and at whatever point conceivable cutting-edge. On the off chance that the data isn’t precise, important or modern then clients won't respect it with top notch, nor will they esteem the data. The estimation of data on website pages can be impacted by plan and introduction through something other than building up the quality. A key territory inside structure and an issue that extraordinarily influences how clients will esteem your data is shading plans. In website architecture hues assume a basic job, they make feeling, they impact reason and they cause us to respond in various manners. This implies an inappropriate decision of shading plan can really hurt how clients esteem the data of site pages. This theme is quite compelling to myself, and really represents a test as I have a partially blind inadequacy. At the point when I was making my templates I needed to remember the way that shading is so significant. In addition to the fact that I had to pick which hues to go with I likewise needed to settle on a choice on which template I would use for each page and why. At long last I chose to utilize the inventive template for my own page in light of the fact that I’d like to consider myself innovative and this allowed me the chance to depict this. I picked orange as the prevailing shading on this page for two reasons; one being that it is the shade of my dashing group, and two, that it is related with energy, aspiration and imagination. Once more, allowing me the chance to get over my thoughts/objectives, I. e. indicating to clients that I have those characteristics (or that I think I have them). The significance and estimation of data is significant with regards to making a site page. We have seen that the structure, capacity and substance of site pages all assume an enormous job in impacting this. For instance, we have seen that the web gives us various chances to introduce our data, for example, getting our data across to key crowds and imparting our objectives and thoughts with them. Furthermore, the web nearness of our data helps increment the estimation of data through appearing to others as current. We likewise took a gander at the numerous difficulties that are made while having a page and how defeating these difficulties by making your site simpler to use through funct

More on the Paris Metro

More on the Paris Metro Confusing screens at Chatelet station, Paris The terms almost over! While Im excited for the summer, with a continuation of my January internship at the BNSF Railway in Texas, Ill also be missing some of the great experiences Ive enjoyed this semester. Ill tell you about one of them here. For the past four months, Ive been working with the MIT Design Lab to propose improvements to and new ideas for the metropolitan Paris subway system. (I introduced this to you sometime in February.) Our effort is directly sponsored by RATP, Paris public transit authority, and we met at their corporate offices over Spring Break to present research we had done so far. Technically its a grad class, and yeah the class is about half masters, half PhD students (and then me), but age doesnt matter so much in these things. RATP headquarters (Maison de la RATP/House of RATP) near Gare de Lyon, Paris For the first three weeks or so, we developed ideas independently we urban planners, architects, designers, and MBA students, that is! As you can imagine, we all came up with wildly different stuff, though very interesting in all of its own ways. The workshop began very open-ended: our weekly assignments were literally things like think about the Paris subway system, do a little research, and come up with some ideas about useful improvements and now that youve learned some more about [x], extend your ideas to reflect that new insight. It was really refreshing to just sit back and see what everyone brought to class, and how they were inspired by your previous thoughts, or vice versa. One bright concept could change the direction of the entire term! The professor and instructors took our ideas and split them into four big groups cultural, commercial, learning, and social connection and assigned three to four people from the class to work on each of these four project areas. I had suggested education as a possible use of subway station and train space, so not surprisingly, I was assigned to the learning group. :) Each group then met with Marco Susani, a design director at Motorola whose team developed the RAZR phone. He had some good initial insight about what it means to be mobile, in the sense of exchange of information in a mobile environment like the Metro. The next week, Madame Furstenberg, my French teacher from last semester, came to the class with the director of the MIT-France program to give a crash course on Parisian culture. She pointed out a neat site called Objectif Respect, which RATP created to promote more friendly interactions on Paris buses and subways. :-P (I hadnt seen it, and its worth a click check out the Top 10!) And then in true French style, a wine and cheese reception followed. We arrived in Paris on a Saturday, and our first assignment was to perform an ethnography of the subway during the weekend. We toured the various lines and spent a good two days underground examining everything from the advertising on the walls to poorly designed staircases that disrupt crowd flow. Yeah, they paid for our subway fares. (those red boxes show where on the platform the camera is pointing) We took thousands of pictures of station entrances, train interiors, chairs, vending machines, posters, placards, people walking, and even overflowing trash cans. We sorted through all of this stuff and picked out the 20 or 30 shots that best represented things we wanted to demonstrate. The hotel wasnt too happy with our expropriation of the breakfast room as daily workspace we moved the cups and plates around on the tables to accommodate our laptops, and they made us put them back perfectly as we had found them! For each photo that we selected, we added a caption that explained the phenomenon of interest. (This was a slide explaining something about social interaction and the indirect means we currently use to express ourselves to strangers on the train.) These ethnography images formed the basis of further inquiry for the rest of the semester. We also incorporated many of them in our formal presentations to RATP (which Ill get to shortly). A photo of Madeleine station, under construction On Monday, we enjoyed a tour of the new driverless Line 14, with a visit to its Bercy operations control center at the end. Ive visited operations centers for Amtrak, MBTA, and BNSF, and I can pretty much say that they all look pretty similar. :-P Line 14s was like a mini version, comprising a single room and a few personnel. We broke for a few hours and reconvened at 6pm for a tour of Chatelet-Les Halles, the central hub of the Paris subway network. This involved a tour of not only the station itself, but also the surrounding Les Halles shopping complex and outdoor areas. We spent a fair amount of time underground just walking around, taking pictures, and observing the unique crowd behavior that forms at rush hour. Our midterm presentation to RATP was the next morning, so everyone worked feverishly into the night to incorporate all of the things we had experienced in the preceding days with the research we had done prior to arriving in Paris. Again, we commandeered the hotel breakfast room, though some of us who were still working past 1am were kicked out (!) since the lobby manager was leaving for the night. My group ended up on the stairs! The next day saw us rising early. We didnt expect so many people to be there managers of entire subway lines (1 and 14), directors of entire departments, project managers (like one lady who manages all of the information kiosks in the stations), and even a few graduate students who are interning at the agency. We talked about what we had seen, problem areas to consider, and defined a trajectory for our work going forward. Examples include new navigation systems, ways to make existing signage less confusing, methods to teach history and culture to Metro riders, a system like Craigslists missed connections forum, social games to play with other passengers (like scavenger hunts), and more effective business models for transactions of goods/services within the Metro. Yeah, were intently watching. :P Feedback was given by RATP after each group’s presentation. We were reminded to consider the less technologically savvy customers, and to cater to their needs as well. Additionally, challenges of physical security often limit potential uses of the Metro space. The balance of creativity and security is an especially important one youve got to be able to evacuate tons of people quickly in case of emergency. Many of our ideas focused on platform and residual spaces, without giving enough thought to the spaces within the trains themselves. Also, many slides talked about events or activities involving lots of people â€" but while more people means more potential revenue, the higher traffic also results in services becoming harder to deliver. We gathered some great direction for our future work. After an excellent lunch, we had an ideation session in which the personnel split up between our four project groups for some rapid-fire idea generation. This involved large sheets of butcher paper and hundreds of brightly-colored Post-it notes! (Im not kidding.) When we came back to Cambridge, we began some serious work on refining our proposals, culminating with this past Mondays final review. Ill blog about that soon!

History & Social Studies Essay - 1100 Words

History & Social Studies (Essay Sample) Content: The Major Developments Of DemocracyName:Institution:IntroductionThis paper looks at the developments of democracy in the United States from 1765 to 1787. According to reliable sources featured in this paper, the developments of American democracy began in 1763 after the victorious war by British Empire against French and Indian colonies. The proceedings of the war left British in heavy debt, which led it to impose increased tax on its colonies (Madison, et al. 2003).The democracy revolution began in 1764 when the sugar Act was enacted. In 1773, the Tea Act was again enforced. The Tea was being transported from East India Company through England and into America. The new tax made the shipment to hike upwards. This act resulted in a high increase in tea prices, and increased the emergence of smugglers in the tea market. The British was frustrating the life of its colonies while making profits out of it (Morgan, 2003). This is one factor that led to the onset of the Amer ican Revolution which concluded in 1783 when the British was defeated by the United States.Factors Leading To The War For DemocracySeveral factors such as the alliance of America with French and Spain and the long distance between Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s colony base and its mother country, led to the defeat of the British. However, before the war broke out, there are some factors that led to the war for democracy by the American government against the British combat troops (Foner, 1999).The main factor that led to the revolution for democracy in America was the policy that British set that its colonies would be paying an increased amount of fees associated with their upkeep by the British Empire (Schneirov, 2013). This was implemented by imposing several direct tax which together with other unpopular laws by England were extremely disliked in America. It is important to understand thatÂthe colonies did not have elected representationÂleaders in the governing British Parliament. America and many other colonistsÂstrongly considered the laws set by the British to be a violation of theirÂrights.In 1772, some American groups began to createÂCommittees of Correspondence which began the creation of the constitution. By 1774, these Committees of Correspondence which were now leading Provincial Congresses rejected the British Parliament and replaced the British ruling apparatus through theÂFirst Continental Congress. Protests began to happen especially inÂBostonÂand Virginia over Britainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Parliament's attempts to exercise authority in the United States. Edmund S. Morgan examines these proceedings in details in his book American Slavery, American Freedom (Morgan, 2003). The British responded by sending troops who dissolvedÂthe American local governments and enforced a direct form of rule by the Royal officials. Consequently, the American colonial states mobilized itsÂmilitias, and fighting broke out in 1775 (Morgan, 2003).I n 1776, representatives of the American original thirteen states met in the Second Continental Congress and voted unanimously to adopt a Declaration of Independence Act which rejected theÂBritish EmpireÂin addition to the rejection of the British Parliament in 1774. This is the Declaration that established the United States as a sovereign country governed originally as a loose confederation where the state legislatures through aÂrepresentative democracyÂselected the leaders (Schneirov, 2013).Based on these proceedings several thinkers has had an influence not only on the American public life but also in the developments of the American democracy in the late 18th century. This paper looks at some of the philosophical essays, politics and pedagogy literature to help understand the developments of this democracy. These revolution writers takes an overview of the Democracy of the American government from the era of the Revolution to the present day. One common ideal with these writers is that freedom or democracy in America has is the strongest cultural bond and has been a birth right for some while on the other hand it has been a mockery to others (Schneirov, 2013).Federalist Number 10One brilliant article that describes the American Revolution through the creation of the US Constitution is the Federalist Number 10. Federalist No. 10 is an essay authored by James Madison that provides a series of argument regarding the ratification of the Constitution of the United States (Madison, et al. 2003). This essay was published on 22nd November, 1787 under the name pseudonym Publius, because all Federalist Papers were published under that name. Federalist No. 10 is one of the most highly regarded political writings of the American history. Federalist No. 10 addresses the question of how to guard against "pseudo-transformational factions", or groups of individuals, with political interests that are contrary to the rights of the citizens or the interests o f the entire community. His recommendation is that such factions would be guarded by having a strong and big republic rather than having devolved smaller republics such as the individual states(Madison, et al. 2003). The Constitution developers who were opponents to his argument provided counterarguments to his position. Madison position is seen as having been substantially derived from the commentary of Montesquieu.The Story of American FreedomEric Foner is another revolutionist writer who narrates a synthesis encapsulation of the American history in the eyes of "freedom" in his book titled "The Story of American Freedomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The Los Angeles Times Book Review provides a critical analysis of F... History & Social Studies Essay - 1100 Words History & Social Studies (Essay Sample) Content: The Major Developments Of DemocracyName:Institution:IntroductionThis paper looks at the developments of democracy in the United States from 1765 to 1787. According to reliable sources featured in this paper, the developments of American democracy began in 1763 after the victorious war by British Empire against French and Indian colonies. The proceedings of the war left British in heavy debt, which led it to impose increased tax on its colonies (Madison, et al. 2003).The democracy revolution began in 1764 when the sugar Act was enacted. In 1773, the Tea Act was again enforced. The Tea was being transported from East India Company through England and into America. The new tax made the shipment to hike upwards. This act resulted in a high increase in tea prices, and increased the emergence of smugglers in the tea market. The British was frustrating the life of its colonies while making profits out of it (Morgan, 2003). This is one factor that led to the onset of the Amer ican Revolution which concluded in 1783 when the British was defeated by the United States.Factors Leading To The War For DemocracySeveral factors such as the alliance of America with French and Spain and the long distance between Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s colony base and its mother country, led to the defeat of the British. However, before the war broke out, there are some factors that led to the war for democracy by the American government against the British combat troops (Foner, 1999).The main factor that led to the revolution for democracy in America was the policy that British set that its colonies would be paying an increased amount of fees associated with their upkeep by the British Empire (Schneirov, 2013). This was implemented by imposing several direct tax which together with other unpopular laws by England were extremely disliked in America. It is important to understand thatÂthe colonies did not have elected representationÂleaders in the governing British Parliament. America and many other colonistsÂstrongly considered the laws set by the British to be a violation of theirÂrights.In 1772, some American groups began to createÂCommittees of Correspondence which began the creation of the constitution. By 1774, these Committees of Correspondence which were now leading Provincial Congresses rejected the British Parliament and replaced the British ruling apparatus through theÂFirst Continental Congress. Protests began to happen especially inÂBostonÂand Virginia over Britainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Parliament's attempts to exercise authority in the United States. Edmund S. Morgan examines these proceedings in details in his book American Slavery, American Freedom (Morgan, 2003). The British responded by sending troops who dissolvedÂthe American local governments and enforced a direct form of rule by the Royal officials. Consequently, the American colonial states mobilized itsÂmilitias, and fighting broke out in 1775 (Morgan, 2003).I n 1776, representatives of the American original thirteen states met in the Second Continental Congress and voted unanimously to adopt a Declaration of Independence Act which rejected theÂBritish EmpireÂin addition to the rejection of the British Parliament in 1774. This is the Declaration that established the United States as a sovereign country governed originally as a loose confederation where the state legislatures through aÂrepresentative democracyÂselected the leaders (Schneirov, 2013).Based on these proceedings several thinkers has had an influence not only on the American public life but also in the developments of the American democracy in the late 18th century. This paper looks at some of the philosophical essays, politics and pedagogy literature to help understand the developments of this democracy. These revolution writers takes an overview of the Democracy of the American government from the era of the Revolution to the present day. One common ideal with these writers is that freedom or democracy in America has is the strongest cultural bond and has been a birth right for some while on the other hand it has been a mockery to others (Schneirov, 2013).Federalist Number 10One brilliant article that describes the American Revolution through the creation of the US Constitution is the Federalist Number 10. Federalist No. 10 is an essay authored by James Madison that provides a series of argument regarding the ratification of the Constitution of the United States (Madison, et al. 2003). This essay was published on 22nd November, 1787 under the name pseudonym Publius, because all Federalist Papers were published under that name. Federalist No. 10 is one of the most highly regarded political writings of the American history. Federalist No. 10 addresses the question of how to guard against "pseudo-transformational factions", or groups of individuals, with political interests that are contrary to the rights of the citizens or the interests o f the entire community. His recommendation is that such factions would be guarded by having a strong and big republic rather than having devolved smaller republics such as the individual states(Madison, et al. 2003). The Constitution developers who were opponents to his argument provided counterarguments to his position. Madison position is seen as having been substantially derived from the commentary of Montesquieu.The Story of American FreedomEric Foner is another revolutionist writer who narrates a synthesis encapsulation of the American history in the eyes of "freedom" in his book titled "The Story of American Freedomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The Los Angeles Times Book Review provides a critical analysis of F...

The Baby Boom and the Future of the Economy

Whats going to happen to the economy as all the baby boomers get older and retire? Its a great question that would need an entire book to properly answer. Fortunately, many books have been written on the relationship between the baby boom and the economy. Two good ones from the Canadian perspective are Boom, Bust Echo by Foot and Stoffman, and 2020: Rules for the New Age by Garth Turner. The Ratio Between Working People and Retired People Turner explains that the big changes will be due to the fact that the ratio between the number of working people to the number of retired people will change dramatically over the next few decades: When most boomers were in their teens, there were six Canadians like them, under the age of 20, for every person over 65. Today there are about three young people for every senior. By 2020, the ratio will be even more frightening. This will have profound consequences on our entire society. (80) Demographic changes will have a major impact on the ratio of retirees to workers; the ratio of the number of people ages 65 and over to the number ages 20 to 64 is expected to grow from about 20% in 1997 to 41% in 2050. (83) Examples of Expected Economic Impact These demographic changes will have both macroeconomic as well as microeconomic impacts. With so few people of working age, we can expect that wages will rise as employers fight to retain the small pool of labor available. This also implies that unemployment should be fairly low. But simultaneously taxes will also have to be quite high to pay for all the services that seniors require such as government pensions and Medicare. Older citizens tend to invest differently than younger ones, as older investors tend to buy less risky assets like bonds and sell riskier ones such as stocks. Do not be surprised to find that the price of bonds rises (causing their yields to fall) and the price of stocks to fall. There will be millions of smaller changes as well. The demand for soccer fields should fall as there are relatively fewer people will the demand for golf courses should rise. The demand for large suburban homes should fall as seniors move into one story condos and later to old-age homes. If youre investing in real estate, it will be important to consider the change in demographics when youre considering what to buy.